NYBORG, Denmark – Crossing France in July, the Tour de France peloton is at the forefront of the global warming to which it is forced to adapt: the average temperatures recorded on the surface of its roads have jumped by an average of ten degrees in twenty years.
The June heat wave which hit the runners of the Tour de Suisse and the Route d’Occitanie hard is part of an underlying trend. Between the three editions of the Tour de France from 1999 to 2001 and the last three which took place in July (2018, 2019 and 2021), the average temperature recorded on the roads rose from around 29.6 degrees to 40.1 degrees .
The “Mister Road” of the Tour, André Bancalà, coordinator of the Departments of France, shared withAFP his data recorded and compiled since 1999. He records, using a gun, the air and ground temperatures, at kilometer zero, mid-stage and just before the finish (at the red flame) to ensure that the roads do not ‘sweat’ under the effect of the heat, ie that they do not become soft and slippery.
André Bancalà kept his readings and calculated averages for each edition of the Tour de France, only taking into account the week preceding July 14 and the following one to clip the departures abroad from his data and neutralize, as much as possible, the changes. dates of the Tour de France, because of the Olympic Games for example.
“The increase in ground temperature is more noticeable because I imagine that the additional half-degree or degree has more impact on dark road surfaces”, describes André Bancalà. This stored heat is then transmitted to the runners.
“Extreme temperature” protocol
“I haven’t measured the temperature of the roads but you can see that the environment is changing a lot,” confirms Jumbo team performance director Mathieu Heijboer. “Normally we only use refresh strategies a few days during the Tour, a little more during the Vuelta but it is more and more often. »
“We use cold-weather clothing outside the race and cold collars in the race,” explains AG2R Citroën team doctor Thomas Klimaschka. “Runners must be reminded to drink enough and monitor the potassium threshold, lost with perspiration. They can take it as a tablet or with a drink in a container. »
Seven Tour de France teams also use a sensor to measure body temperature during the race, according to manufacturer Core sensor. “It is a possibility but for the moment (with an air temperature) between 30 and 35 degrees, we are used to reacting”, describes Dr Thomas Klimaschka.
Beyond that, in the event of “extreme temperatures”, the protocol of the International Cycling Union provides for the possibility of a “change of route or neutralization of part” of it or even “cancellation of the stage or the race”.
Ice maker and refrigerated gels
Even when it does not endanger the runners, to the point of suffering from heatstroke, high temperatures are a parameter monitored by the teams.
The new Jumbo team truck since last year includes an ice maker. “We also use cold nutrient gels at temperatures of 0 to 2 degrees to cool the body from the inside,” explains Mathieu Heijboer. In addition to aerodynamics, their textile supplier “develops clothing that ventilates more”.
The temperature record recorded by André Bancalà is 63 degrees on the ground in the resort of Les Rousses in 2010 during the stage won by Sylvain Chavanel.
